文档全栈框架
从 Laravel 到 Nexy
在 Nexy 中,Laravel 路由及其控制器方法成为 src/routes/ 下的一个文件:Blade 视图成为 .nexy 页面,$request->validate 成为 Pydantic 模型,Eloquent 成为您选择的 ORM,例如 SQLModel。
下面的每个部分都显示了 Laravel 的习惯,然后是 Nexy 中的相同内容。
一条路线
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route; Route::get('/hello', fn () => ['message' => 'Hello']);没有路由文件:文件路径是 URL,函数名称是方法。
async def GET(): return {"message": "Hello"}路由参数和 where
Route::get('/users/{id}', fn (int $id) => ['id' => $id])->whereNumber('id');{id} 是 [id] 段,int 注释是约束:/api/users/abc 答案 404。
async def GET(id: int): return {"id": id}可选的 {slug?} 或 {path} 匹配斜杠 (->where('path', '.*')) 是一个 [...path].py 包罗万象的东西。
控制器
class NoteController extends Controller{ public function show(int $id) { return ['id' => $id]; } public function destroy(int $id) { return ['deleted' => $id]; }}Route::get('/notes/{id}', [NoteController::class, 'show']);Route::delete('/notes/{id}', [NoteController::class, 'destroy']);控制器方法是文件的函数,以动词命名:
async def GET(id: int): return {"id": id} async def DELETE(id: int): return {"deleted": id}对于具有注入服务的类,如 Laravel 控制器中的类,请参阅模块化路由器。
查询字符串
public function __invoke(Request $request){ return ['q' => $request->query('q', ''), 'page' => (int) $request->query('page', 1)];}async def GET(q: str = "", page: int = 1): return {"q": q, "page": page}验证和表单请求
public function store(Request $request){ $data = $request->validate([ 'name' => 'required|string|max:100', 'price' => 'required|numeric|gt:0', ]); return response()->json($data, 201);}这些规则是一个 Pydantic 模型。一个用字段和规则打破一个答案 422 的主体,就像 Laravel 所做的那样:
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field from nexy.http import JSONResponse class NewItem(BaseModel): name: str = Field(max_length=100) price: float = Field(gt=0) async def POST(item: NewItem): return JSONResponse(item.model_dump(), status_code=201)具有前缀和中间件的路由组
Route::prefix('admin')->middleware('admin')->group(function () { Route::get('/stats', fn () => ['users' => 3]);});public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next){ abort_unless($request->header('X-Role') === 'admin', 403, 'Admins only'); return $next($request);}文件夹是前缀,它的 dependencies.py 是组的中间件:
async def GET(): return {"users": 3}from nexy.http import Header, HTTPException def require_admin(x_role: str = Header("")) -> None: if x_role != "admin": raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admins only") dependencies = [require_admin]全局中间件
public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next){ $response = $next($request); $response->headers->set('X-App', 'demo'); return $response;}路由根目录处的 middleware.py 包装每个请求:
from nexy.http import Request async def middleware(request: Request, call_next): response = await call_next(request) response.headers["x-app"] = "demo" return response刀片视图
Route::get('/users', fn () => view('users', ['users' => [['name' => 'Ada'], ['name' => 'Alan']]]));@extends('layouts.app') @section('content')<ul> @foreach ($users as $user) <li>{{ $user['name'] }}</li> @endforeach</ul>@endsection路线和视图是一个 .nexy 文件:
users = [{"name": "Ada"}, {"name": "Alan"}]<ul> {% for user in users %} <li>{{ user.name }}</li> {% endfor %}</ul>| 刀片 | Jinja2 在 .nexy |
|---|---|
{{ $name }}(逃脱) |
{{ name | e }}: .nexy 默认不转义 |
{!! $html !!} |
{{ html | safe }} |
@if ($user) ... @endif |
{% if user %} ... {% endif %} |
@foreach ($items as $item) |
{% for item in items %} |
@php ... @endphp |
Python 在前面的内容 |
布局和 @yield
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <body>@yield('content')</body></html>layout.nexy 包裹其文件夹的每一页,页面中没有 @extends:
children: prop[NexyElement]<!DOCTYPE html><html> <body>{{ children | safe }}</body></html>叶片组件
@props(['title'])<article> <h2>{{ $title }}</h2> {{ $slot }}</article><x-card title="Latest"><p>This week</p></x-card>
title: prop[str]<article> <h2>{{ title }}</h2> <Slot /></article>from "@/components/Card.nexy" import Card<Card title="Latest"> <p>This week</p></Card>@ 是 src/:nx new 将 useAliases = {"@": "src"} 写入 nexyconfig.py。
表单、@csrf 和重定向
<form method="POST" action="{{ route('notes.store') }}"> @csrf <input name="title"> <button type="submit">Add</button></form>public function store(Request $request){ Note::create($request->validate(['title' => 'required'])); return back();}操作是表单发布到的控制器方法。它的参数是字段,访问者成功时会转到 back() 和 303:
from nexy.decorators import Action NOTES: list[str] = [] @Actionasync def add_note(title: str) -> None: NOTES.append(title)from src.actions.notes import NOTES<form method="post" action="{{ __actions_path['add_note'] }}"> <input name="title"> <button type="submit">Add</button></form><ul> {% for note in NOTES %} <li>{{ note }}</li> {% endfor %}</ul>雄辩与迁移
class Post extends Model{ protected $fillable = ['title', 'published'];} $posts = Post::where('published', true)->get();Nexy 没有自己的 ORM。 nx new 可以搭建 SQLModel、SQLAlchemy 或Tortoise-ORM;与 SQLModel:
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel class Post(SQLModel, table=True): id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True) title: str published: bool = Falsefrom sqlmodel import Session, select from src.configs.db import enginefrom src.models.post_model import Post async def GET(): with Session(engine) as session: posts = session.exec(select(Post).where(Post.published)).all() return {"titles": [post.title for post in posts]}| 工匠 | 内克西 |
|---|---|
php artisan make:migration |
nx migrate -m "add posts" |
php artisan migrate |
nx migrate --upgrade |
请参阅数据库。
abort(404) 和错误视图
Route::get('/posts/{slug}', function (string $slug) { abort_unless(isset(POSTS[$slug]), 404); return view('post', ['post' => POSTS[$slug]]);});notFound() 是 abort(404),notfound.nexy 是 resources/views/errors/404.blade.php:
from nexy import notFound POSTS = {"hello": "Hello, world"} slug: prop[str]if slug not in POSTS: notFound()<h1>{{ POSTS[slug] }}</h1><h1>Not found</h1>会议
public function store(Request $request){ session(['user' => $request->input('name')]); return ['user' => session('user')];}from nexy.core.models import NexyConfigModel class NexyConfig(NexyConfigModel): useAliases = {"@": "src"} useSession = {"secret_key": "change-me"}from pydantic import BaseModel from nexy.http import Request class Login(BaseModel): name: str async def POST(request: Request, body: Login): request.session["user"] = body.name return {"user": body.name}页面使用 useSession() 读取会话。
队列和 dispatch
SendWelcomeEmail::dispatch($user); return response()->json(['queued' => true], 202);对于可以在答案后运行的工作,FastAPI 的后台任务就足够了:
from nexy.http import BackgroundTasks, JSONResponse SENT: list[str] = [] def send_welcome_email(email: str) -> None: SENT.append(email) async def POST(email: str, tasks: BackgroundTasks): tasks.add_task(send_welcome_email, email) return JSONResponse({"queued": True}, status_code=202)对于其他机器上的重试和工作人员,请使用 Python 队列,例如 Celery、RQ 或 arq。
缓存页面
Route::get('/blog', BlogController::class)->middleware('cache.headers:public;max_age=60');
revalidate = 60<h1>Blog</h1>该页面按 URL 进行缓存,并在 60 秒后在后台再次呈现。
.env 和 config/
| 拉维尔 | 内克西 |
|---|---|
.env + config/database.php |
.env 与 DATABASE_URL,由 src/configs/db.py 读取 |
config/cors.php |
useCORS 在 nexyconfig.py |
APP_KEY 会议 |
useSession = {"secret_key": ...} |
public/ |
public/,服务于 / |
火线和惯性
Livewire 的服务器驱动组件映射到从页面调用的操作。 Inertia 的 React 或 Vue 页面映射到 .tsx 或 .vue 路线,或者映射到 .nexy 页面内的岛屿。请参阅操作 和岛屿。
测试
public function test_hello(): void{ $this->getJson('/api/hello')->assertExactJson(['message' => 'Hello']);}from fastapi.testclient import TestClient from nexy.app import app def test_hello(): assert TestClient(app).get("/api/hello").json() == {"message": "Hello"}跑步
| 拉维尔 | 内克西 |
|---|---|
laravel new |
nx new |
php artisan serve |
nx dev |
php artisan route:list |
/docs |
php artisan test |
nx test |
npm run build |
nx build |